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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a prevalent neurological disorder that affects 44 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high levels of co-morbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, alcohol abuse) and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medication are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently prescribed medications. Medicines Many adults with ADHD notice significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning as a result of medication. It is crucial that people suffering from ADHD find the combination of medications that is effective for them. Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as amphetamines and methylphenidate. These stimulants are available as tablets or liquids in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hours. Adults may supplement an immediate-release medicine with an extended release long-acting medicine at least every week to lessen the necessity to take it regularly throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can also be treated successfully with antidepressants such as desipramine. This class of drugs can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants or on their own to boost their effects. However, they may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, such as rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These drugs were initially developed to treat hypertension. They have a calming effect and can help improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in certain adults. However, these medications could cause a very low blood pressure if they are abruptly cut off or reduced in dosage. Adults with ADHD are also able to benefit from psychotherapy. Individual talk therapy helps them overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment, and resentment against coworkers, teachers, supervisors and family members who might criticize or nag them. In addition counseling for families and marriages can help couples with ADHD be able to recognize each other's challenges and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can help individuals with ADHD overcome their low self-esteem, and the sense of failure they feel frequently. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavioral therapy assists people in changing their negative thoughts and feelings that are causing difficulties in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term, goal-oriented kind of psychotherapy has been found to be effective in treating a variety of disorders such as anxiety and depression. It can be used on its own or in conjunction with other therapies. CBT can also incorporate group therapy. This is especially beneficial for people with ADHD as it allows them to connect with other people who have similar struggles and discover how they deal with their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or by phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults suffering from ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report measures like symptoms, functioning and quality of life. A number of studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect sizes. These improvements were attributed to a variety of modalities, including interpersonal and cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving training and mindfulness meditation. However, caution is advised when comparing the effectiveness of different therapies for adult ADHD. It is likely that differences in the outcomes result from a variety of factors, including the treatment characteristics and measures employed. A few studies have examined the effectiveness of neurofeedback, an approach that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while doing cognitive tasks to pinpoint areas in the brain where there is too much or too little activity, and instructing the person to manage these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also suffer from anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can address these problems that could be contributing to ADHD symptoms. Certain psychotherapy strategies include interpersonal therapy to improve a person's ability to build meaningful relationships and resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to transform negative behaviors and assist in reducing impulsive and self-destructive behaviors that can cause problems at school or work. In some cases, psychotherapy is used as an adjunct to medication for adult adhd treatment for adults. Patients suffering from multiple disorders like depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder must be evaluated to ensure that their symptoms are not worsened by the medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, need to be treated with more vigor. If untreated adhd in adults depression is sufficient to cause problems with daily functioning and quality-of-life intensive outpatient programs might be recommended. These programs provide structured treatment that is more intense than traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists adults suffering from ADHD improve their abilities to manage time management and impulse control, executive function, and planning. It helps them recognize and express their emotions and utilizes worksheets and activities to make the lessons more engaging. The training in mindfulness meditation enhances CBT and enhances the capacity of a person's ability to concentrate and regulate emotions. It also improves a person's ability to tolerate stress and arousal. It can assist them in dealing with sadness, anger, and other emotions that could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. In addition to impacting work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and can cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues will help you build confidence in yourself and address the root of the issue. It will also assist you in developing healthy coping methods. Cognitive-behavioral Therapy is a great treatment for adults with ADHD because it teaches you how to change your negative beliefs and behavior. In particular, it is focused on teaching you how to use strategies to manage your time and eliminate mental distortions that lead to negative moods and perceptions of a limited range of choices. Many adults with ADHD also suffer from comorbid anxiety or depression. These psychiatric conditions can decrease or exacerbate the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbid disorder first and monitor the effect of medication prior to beginning treatment for the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you organize your life and work by establishing predictable routines to manage your money and time and build confidence in yourself. It can help you learn ways to relax that could reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. In the same way yoga and other forms of exercise can help you focus better by ensuring your body is stable in different postures. Marriage and family counseling can assist adults suffering from ADHD to solve the problems they cause their children, spouses and other family members. They frequently complain that they are unstable, unorganized, forgetful and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are educated about ADHD can help you establish healthier relationships. It can also help you and your family members realize that the problems are caused by ADHD, rather than the lack of care or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is an neurobiological disorder that is highly common. It is often accompanied by other disorders that are comorbid, such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse disorders. Psychosocial and medication treatments are available as treatment options. A variety of medications are available for adults suffering from ADHD and some of them have been tested in clinical trials. These studies have exposed the strengths and limitations of the various medications. Adults who suffer from ADHD have the same symptoms as children, however it can be difficult to identify them since childhood symptoms might not last throughout adulthood. Adults with ADHD may also not have a family history of the disorder, or may not be aware of symptoms. A thorough medical history is essential to help determine whether the symptoms are due to medical conditions such as thyroid issues, sleep apnea, hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medications for adults suffering from ADHD and their response rates are in the 70%-80 percentage range. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also administered via a transdermal device. This allows for continuous medication delivery during the day. Nonstimulant drugs for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants which work on dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine is the most researched tricyclic, and has been proven to be effective in adult patients suffering from ADHD. It is a low dose drug and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is another antidepressant that has been proven to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic transportation system, thus increasing its presence in the brain. untreated adhd in adults depression is known to improve the mood of adults and reduce hyperactivity, however, it's not as effective at improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.